What does quantum computers do?

Quantum supercomputer: A quantum system capable of solving impactful problems Even the most powerful classical supercomputers cannot process at least one million rQOPS with an error rate of at most 10–12 (one in a trillion).

A team of researchers at Microsoft Quantum has reportedly achieved a first milestone toward creating a reliable and practical quantum computer. In their paper, published in the journal Physical Review B, the group describes the milestone and their plans to build a reliable quantum computer over the next 25 years.

Physicists and computer engineers are working toward building a reliable, useful quantum computer. Such efforts have been hampered, however, by error rates. In this new effort, the team at Microsoft suggests that quantum computer development is following a trajectory similar to that of traditional computers.

In the beginning, new concepts were followed by a series of hardware upgrades that have led to the machines of today. Likewise, they suggest that while current approaches used to represent logical qubits, such as a spin transmon or a gatemon, have been useful as learning devices, none of them are scalable. They suggest a new approach must be found that allows for scaling.

They now report that they have engineered a new way to represent a logical qubit with hardware stability. The device can reportedly induce a phase of matter characterized by Majorana zero modes—types of fermions. They also report that such devices have demonstrated low enough disorder to pass the topological gap protocol, proving the technology is viable. They believe this represents a first step toward the creation of not just a quantum computer but a quantum supercomputer.

In its announcement, Microsoft also stated that it has created a new measure to gauge the performance of a quantum supercomputer: reliable quantum operations per second (rQOPS), a figure that describes how many reliable operations a computer can execute in a single second. They suggest that for a machine to qualify as a quantum supercomputer, its rQOPS needs to be at least 1 million. They note that such machines could reach a billion rQOPS, making them truly useful.

Quantum Engineering.

Quantum engineering is an emerging and revolutionary discipline that combines the broad skills of engineering with fundamental quantum physics to develop new system solutions in quantum technology. By exploiting concepts in quantum mechanics, quantum engineering enables new, practical and scalable solutions that would otherwise be practically prohibitive or even impossible to achieve using classical methods.

This collections aims to highlight the latest advances in quantum engineering in the areas of sensor and measurement technology, communication and cryptography, computing technology, and beyond.